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NITED STATES- PAT NT QFFicE.

,REVERE M. IBREINIG, OFBROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

MANUFACTURE. OF VAR-NISH FROM SLUDGE-TAR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0, 315,597, dated 'April 14, 1885'. Application filed Jennerv 28, 1884. (Specimens) To all'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REVERE M. BREINIG, a

- citizen of the United States, and a residentof nishes and Similar Bodies, of which the follow Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of N e'wYork, have invented certain new and useful' Improvements in the Manufacture of Varing is a specification;

In practice of various arts- -such, for example, as the purification of petroleum and other hydrocarbon oils, the distillation of coal, resin,and bitumens, and some others-there is produced as a residual product a substance factures of fertilizers, and has not only been I known by the name of sludge, which con-' tains, .among other matter, the acid, or a part of 1t, used in the said manufacture. Sludge has heretofore had very little, if any, commer-' cial value, it being somewhat used by manusubstantially a waste product, but also, ow-

ing to its intensely disagreeable and unhealthful odor, and the presence of the acid in it,

and its inflammability, it has occasioned those engaged in the manufactures producing it great trouble and frequently expense to dispose of it so that it would not be detrimental to health or. comfort. -By my process .I so" treat the sludge as that I not only remove its. disagreeable andnnhealthful properties, so that it may be disposed of as other harmless waste products are, but also 'derivefr'om it directly and indirectly certain commercially-valuable products. 7

To practicefmy-proc ess, I first prepare a soap, as follows: Takeabout seventy (.70)

pounds of rosin-or, any resinous gum-such,

.forexample only, as copal, Zanzibar, or kauri, 'and'placethe'same in a'kettle and add thereto. about eight (8.) gallons of linseed or other vegetable, animal, ormineral oil, it maybe either hot or cold, andeitherfraw or boiled;

or as an equivalent therefor about fifty-five pounds ofjtallowor other fats or grease. Thekettlecontaini-ug the aboveg-um'and oil, fat, or grease,'-I. put upon a fire until the um is thoroughly melted and unitedwith the oil,

; ;fat,orgrease, preferably'sti'rring it meantime in any suitable manner to prevent. burning and toefl'ect'moreco'mplete-nnion; A jacketed kettle niaybe-used, if desired, ,in this as:

any other suitable manner.

well as in the subsequentsteps in my process, and it may be heated in any known manner.

I then put into another kettle about fifty (50) Y gallons of water, hot or cold, and put into it' by boiling, until saponification takes place, thus forming a soap. To thesoap thus formed I add, preferably when hot, ordinary com mercial salt in the proportionof about aponnd I then thoroughly mix] of salt (more or'less) to a gallon of soap, thus separating from the soap by a well-known action the excess of alkali, which I then draw 011' from. the soap by means of a filter, or in The soap may be used without removing the excess of alkali,

but I prefer toremove it. When the salt is used and the excess of alkali removed, the

soap is considerably thickened, and to render it sufliciently thin or liquid again I add after the alkali has been separated about one hundred (100) gallons (more orless) of water, hot or cold, and mix the same thoroughly with the soap, preferably by boiling, thus forming a soap solution. The soap soldtionthus prepared I place in-.a suitable tank or vat, preferably so located that the sludge may flow into it from the receptacles in which it is left at the close of the operation by which it is produced, and-I then let the sludge flow into the tank containing the soap solution. There shouldbe about one (1)" gallon of the soap solution to from three to four gallons of the sludge. While the sludge is flowing into the soap solution I prefer to stir them together by any suitable means, so that the sludge may be thoroughly acted upon by the soap soluti Y The stirring, however, is not essential. v hen the soap solution and the sludge ar'e mixed,;the tar and oily parts of the sludge chemically combine with the resin: ous gums,- oilsf, fats, or grease contained in the soap solution, leaving the acid separate'by itself. i Thus the tar or oily part of the sludge roe H i to bring it to the proper consistence, and thus chemically combined with the soap I will call 1 the sludge-tar. I then take the sludgetar thus produced and put it into a kettle and boil it until all free water has been driven oil, and thenadd linseed-oil and spirits of turpentine, or its equivalent-benzine, for instanceproduce, depending upon the proportions of the linseed-oil and turpentine or equivalent, as is well known in this art and does not require explanation by me, either a baking black varnish or a drying black varnish, by the addition of suitable driers, or a black japan.

Although I have stated the ingredients and their proportions which I employ in making ing sludge, pound, whereby the acid is separated and the tar-or oily parts of the sludge chemically combined with the soap, then driving ofl from the mass all free water, and treating the resulting mass with linseed-oil and turpentine, or equivalent substances, substantiallyas and for the purposes set forth.

the soap used by me, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to a soap composed of I do not limit myself to the precise quantig5 ties of the ingredients named, since they may be somewhat varied and still my invention be embodied.

- Having thus described my invention, I claim- The described process, consisting in treatas described, with a soap com Signed at New York, in the county of New 0 York and State of New York, this 25th day those ingredients in the proportions stated, or i of J annary, A. D. 1884.

any other proportions, because the described separation of the sludge may be effected by the use of any soap. I prefer, however, that described by me, because I believe the presence I of the resinous gum facilitates the separation I and produces a better product.

REVERE M. BREINIG.

Witnesses:

PHILLIPS ABBOTT, JOHN HZ IVES. 

